The four phases

The menstrual cycle is a natural rhythm your body follows every month, lasting about 28 days (though it can be a bit shorter or longer). It’s divided into four phases, each with unique changes in how you might feel and what’s happening inside your body:

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This starts on the first day of your period, when your body sheds the uterine lining. Hormones are low, and you might feel tired or want extra rest. Understanding your period Menstruation is the part of your cycle when your body sheds the uterine lining that had built up in case of pregnancy. This happens when no egg is fertilized. The result is your period, a mix of blood, tissue, and fluid that leaves your body through the vagina. Periods usually last 3 to 7 days, and the flow can vary from light to heavy. It’s a completely natural process, and every cycle is unique! Managing your period To manage your period, you can use products like pads, tampons, or menstrual cups. Pads stick to your underwear to absorb the flow. Tampons are small, absorbent plugs inserted into the vagina.  To use a tampon:
  • Wash your hands first
  • Unwrap the tampon and gently insert it into your vagina, using the applicator or your fingers. Aim slightly upward and find a comfortable position
  • Leave the string outside for easy removal
  • Change the tampon every 4–8 hours to avoid leaks or infections
  • If you’re unsure about tampons or find them uncomfortable, that’s okay, try different sizes, or use pads or cups instead. Always choose what feels right for you!
Cramping during menstruation is common, as your uterus contracts to shed its lining. Drinking warm liquids, applying a heating pad, or doing gentle stretches can help ease discomfort. Rest as much as you need, and remember, it’s okay to take it slow during your period.
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The follicular phase begins right after your period and is like a fresh start for your body and mind. During this phase, estrogen levels steadily rise, helping your body prepare for ovulation by growing a new follicle in your ovary, which contains an egg.

This hormonal boost often makes you feel energized, motivated, and more focused. It’s a great time to plan, brainstorm, or start new projects since your brain is ready for creativity and problem-solving. You might also feel more sociable and confident, making it the perfect phase for trying new things or connecting with others. Think of it as your body’s time for full potential and growth!

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Mid-cycle, your body releases an egg. This is when energy and confidence often peak. You might feel like the best version of yourself in this phase! The big release Ovulation is the phase of your cycle when your body releases a mature egg from one of your ovaries. It typically happens around day 14 in a 28-day cycle but can vary depending on your cycle length. This is your most fertile time when the chances of getting pregnant are highest if sperm is present.  Here’s how it works: During the first half of your cycle, estrogen rises, helping a follicle in your ovary grow. Inside the follicle is the egg. Around ovulation, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the follicle to burst, releasing the egg into the fallopian tube. The egg then travels toward the uterus. It can survive for about 12–24 hours. If sperm meets the egg during this window, fertilization can happen. The fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall, beginning pregnancy. If no fertilization occurs, the egg dissolves, and the uterine lining sheds during your next period. During ovulation, some people notice signs like increased energy, clear stretchy cervical mucus (like egg whites), or a slight rise in body temperature. You might also feel more confident or social. Use this time to take on challenges, try new things, or connect with others! Knowing about ovulation is helpful whether you’re planning for pregnancy or simply understanding your body better. Track your cycle to recognize when ovulation happens you can use apps, note physical signs, or try ovulation test kits. Know your cycle Both menstruation and ovulation are incredible processes that show how amazing your body is. By understanding them, you can feel more in tune with your health and empowered in making choices that suit your life.  When can you get pregnant? You can get pregnant during the fertile window, which is the couple of days before or after ovulation, and the day of ovulation. Sperm can survive in the body for up to five days, and the egg can be fertilized for about 12-24 hours after ovulation. Ovulation usually happens about 14 days before your next period in a 28-day cycle, but this can vary. Having sex during this fertile window increases the chances of fertilization.
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The luteal phase is the time between ovulation and your next period.  It’s all about your body winding down and preparing for what’s next. After ovulation, your progesterone levels rise. This can make you feel calmer, more reflective, or in need of comfort. You might crave certain foods, want more rest, or feel like staying cozy at home.

It’s a great time for self-care! Think warm baths, journaling, or relaxing activities that help you feel grounded. If there’s no pregnancy, your hormones start to drop toward the end of this phase. This might bring mood changes or lower energy, signalling that your period is on the way. Treat this phase as a time to slow down and nurture yourself.